India Implements Historic Labour Codes, Modernizing Century-Old Framework
印度實施歷史性的勞動法規，現代化百年勞動法架構
On 21 November 2025, the Government of India implemented four long-awaited Labour Codes—on Wages, Industrial Relations, Social Security, and Occupational Safety & Working Conditions—marking the most significant overhaul of the country’s labour laws in nearly a century. The move consolidates 29 fragmented central laws into a streamlined, modern framework aligned with global standards. Key reforms include universal minimum wage protection, mandatory appointment letters, portable social security, timely wage payments, gender-neutral pay, expanded ESIC coverage, and enhanced safety requirements across industries. For the first time, gig workers, platform workers, fixed-term employees, and many informal-sector workers receive statutory protections, while employers benefit from a unified compliance system with single registration, single return, and pan-India licensing.
The codes significantly improve working conditions across sectors—including IT/ITES, textiles, MSMEs, plantations, mines, docks, and export industries—while simplifying compliance for businesses. Night work for women with safety measures, mandatory annual health check-ups, faster dispute resolution, inspector-cum-facilitator systems, and national OSH standards collectively signal a pro-worker yet business-friendly shift. Multinational firms operating in India must now adapt to stricter wage, safety, and social-security obligations, particularly regarding appointment letters, timely salary release, gender-neutral policies, fixed-term employment benefits, and platform-worker contributions. The unified compliance framework simplifies entry and operations, but global companies must update HR systems, contractual structures, and compliance checks to align with the new legal landscape.
小編點評：2025 年 11 月 21 日，印度實施四項歷史性的勞動法典—將 29 項法律整併為一個現代化框架，確保普遍適用的最低工資、可攜式社會保障、中性別薪資、擴大非正式與零工工作者的保護，以及更嚴格的安全標準。改革透過統一的註冊與許可制度簡化企業遵循流程，並要求跨國公司更新人資系統，以符合更嚴格的薪資、安全與社會保障義務。
MeitY Approves ₹7,172-Crore Electronics Component Projects Across 17 Indian Firms
印度電子資訊科技部（MeitY）批准 7,172 億盧比電子零組件案，涵蓋 17 家印度企業
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has cleared 17 new projects worth ₹7,172 crore under the Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS), marking the second tranche of approvals this month. The scheme offers turnover-linked incentives aimed at expanding India’s electronics value chain. IT Secretary S. Krishnan said the goal is to deepen India’s component ecosystem so the industry remains competitive even as labour costs rise. The newly approved units include nine PCB manufacturing projects, three camera-module facilities, two optical-transceiver units, and one each for connectors, oscillators and enclosures. The government has projected ₹1.09 lakh crore in production output and over 11,800 direct jobs from these investments.
Union IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw said the approvals prove sceptics wrong about India’s electronics-manufacturing push. Krishnan emphasised strict timelines, warning that unlike earlier schemes, approvals won’t be allowed to stagnate: “Who gets the money depends on how quickly you execute.” The projects span Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir, strengthening India’s nationwide manufacturing footprint. For non-Indian companies, the announcement signals a rapidly maturing component ecosystem, reducing import dependence and creating more reliable local suppliers. It also opens opportunities for partnerships, sourcing, joint ventures, and technology transfer as India accelerates toward becoming a global electronics manufacturing hub.
小編點評：MeitY 批准價值 7,172 億盧比的 17 項電子零組件專案，涵蓋 9 項 PCB、3 項相機模組、2 項光學收發器及其他單元，預期產值達 1.09 兆盧比並創造 11,800 個工作機會。此舉強化印度全國製造版圖、降低進口依賴，並為全球企業在合作、採購、合資與技術轉移上開啟更多契機，象徵印度加速邁向全球電子製造中心。
Only 13% of India’s EV Models Qualify for PLI as Import Dependence on China Persists
僅 13% 印度電動車型符合 PLI 資格，對中國進口依賴仍然嚴重
India’s electric vehicle (EV) industry has hit a major roadblock, with a new report revealing that only 6 out of 46 EV models currently sold in the country meet the government’s Production Linked Incentive (PLI) eligibility criteria. The low qualification rate stems from the sector’s heavy dependence on imported components—particularly from China and Taiwan—such as lithium-ion battery cells, rare-earth magnets, semiconductors, and PCBs. While Tata Motors dominated the approved list with five qualifying models and Mahindra secured one, the rest of the market—including global brands like Hyundai, Kia, MG, BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Tesla—failed to clear the 50% Domestic Value Addition (DVA) requirement. Automakers say India’s EV supply chain remains too underdeveloped to support immediate large-scale localisation, especially with limited model volumes.
The government has offered partial relaxations, but local value-chain maturity still lags far behind established ICE ecosystems. As a result, 87% of EV models continue to rely on more than 60% imported content, blocking access to PLI incentives and highlighting India’s struggle to reduce supply-chain volatility under its “Atmanirbhar Bharat” push. Global automakers must reassess their India strategies—localisation is now essential not only for PLI benefits but also for long-term competitiveness. Firms considering manufacturing or expanding in India will need to build or partner within the local supply chain, as the policy environment increasingly rewards companies with deeper domestic integration.
https://evindia.online/news/only-13-qualify-for-pli-scheme-tata-mahindra-lead-the-pack
小編點評：印度 46 款電動車中僅 6 款符合 PLI（生產連結獎勵）資格，因大多數車款仍高度依賴包括中國與台灣在內的進口零組件，無法達到 50% 國內價值增益標準。此結果凸顯印度急需加速在地電動車供應鏈的成熟度，全球車企若欲維持競爭力，將必須在印度建立或深化本地供應鏈合作。
IndiaAI Mission Expands GPU Capacity as New Providers Join Fourth Tender Round
IndiaAI 任務擴大 GPU 能力，第四輪標案吸引更多供應商加入
The fourth round of GPU procurement under the IndiaAI Mission has drawn interest from at least five new compute providers, according to CEO Abhishek Singh. The mission, which aims to deploy 38,183 GPUs to support Indian-language foundation models, has already allocated 21,986 GPUs—57.58% of its target—alongside subsidies totalling ₹760.93 crore. Upcoming additions include around 8,000 B200 GPUs expected in January, while existing players like E2E and Neysa are expanding capacity, with E2E placing orders for 4,000 Blackwell GPUs. Platform-agnostic tender norms continue to attract alternative compute vendors such as Cerebras and Sambanova. Meanwhile, five additional foundation model builders are in the final selection stage, pending compute resource confirmation.
Compute availability is set to rise further as Sarvam’s six-month allocation cycles out for redistribution, and the mission scales both high-end and standard GPUs to meet growing training and inference demand across sectors including agriculture, healthcare, and digital public infrastructure. Singh reiterated that Indian-language models will have global value if they solve domestic problems, drawing parallels with UPI’s international relevance. Ongoing policy discussions include industry feedback on AI-generated content labelling norms, with risk-based frameworks under consideration. The IndiaAI Mission’s platform-agnostic tenders, rising GPU demand, and expanding model ecosystem create opportunities for global hardware vendors, cloud providers, AI toolmakers, and model developers to enter or partner within India’s rapidly scaling AI infrastructure landscape.
https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/news/indiaai-eyes-access-boost-new-compute-providers-in-its-fourth-gpu-tender-round/ar-AA1QLSOI
小編點評：IndiaAI 任務於第四輪 GPU 標案中吸引 5 家新供應商，總分配 GPU 已達 21,986 顆（目標 38,183 顆的 57.58%），並即將新增 8,000 顆 B200 GPU，以及 E2E 訂購的 4,000 顆 Blackwell GPU。隨著運算能力提升、平台中立標案與模型生態系擴張，全球硬體、雲端與 AI 企業在印度快速成長的 AI 基礎設施市場中迎來更多合作機會。
Government Departments Rush to NIC for Custom AI Tools as Adoption Surges Across India
印度政府部門爭相向 NIC 要求自訂 AI 工具，AI 應用在全國快速升溫
The National Informatics Centre (NIC), the government’s core technology arm, is witnessing a sharp rise in requests from ministries, state agencies, and public institutions to develop customised AI solutions and embed AI features into existing digital platforms. Officials told ET that demand now spans everything from judicial automation to welfare delivery. Tools already deployed include an AI-powered search analytics system for judges that can instantly scan Supreme Court rulings dating back to 1950, and beneficiary-identification engines that analyse district databases to improve targeting of direct benefit transfer schemes. The judiciary has emerged as a major user, with judges reportedly relying on AI-generated summaries of petitions, case histories, and supporting documents—significantly reducing time spent on manual review. The Supreme Court is also using AI Panini, NIC’s multilingual translation engine trained on government-released datasets, to translate English legal material into Hindi across all 22 official Indic languages.
Demand has grown further as the Centre encourages officials to move away from foreign AI services due to data-security and geopolitical concerns. NIC’s AI Centre of Excellence, set up in 2019, is now offering a full “AI-as-a-Service” package to government users, including text summarisation (AI Saransh), real-time speech-to-text (AI Shruti), and other domain-specific tools. States such as Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, and Karnataka are leading adoption. After positive feedback from the 11-language Kumbh Sah’AI’yak chatbot deployed during the Mahakumbh, NIC’s UP unit has expanded AI use for citizen services—from automating beneficiary updates to simplifying land-record access on Board of Revenue portals. This surge in government-backed AI deployment signals rising opportunities for international firms offering sovereign-grade AI infrastructure, compute, enterprise tools, language technologies, and consultancy services—especially through partnerships, localisation, and integration with India’s rapidly expanding public digital ecosystem.
https://timesascent.com/articles/gccs-step-up-ai-upskilling-to-meet-tight-adoption-deadlines
小編點評：全印度政府部門日益依賴 NIC 開發客製化 AI 工具，應用涵蓋司法自動化、多語言法律翻譯、社福補助辨識到民眾服務。由於資料安全考量升高，加上 NIC 的「AI 即服務」模式，本地 AI 採用激增，為全球企業在主權級 AI 基礎設施、工具與合作方面創造巨大商機。
Google, Accel to Jointly Fund Early-Stage Indian AI Startups in First-of-Its-Kind Partnership
Google 與 Accel 首度攜手，將共同投資印度早期 AI 新創
Alphabet’s Google and venture capital firm Accel have announced a new partnership to fund at least 10 early-stage AI startups in India, marking Google’s first-ever co-investment initiative of this kind. Through the collaboration, Google’s AI Futures Fund and Accel will jointly invest up to $2 million per startup, focusing on companies in entertainment, creativity, productivity, and coding. The move reflects Silicon Valley’s accelerating push into India—now a strategic market with nearly a billion internet users—at a time when Microsoft, Amazon, and OpenAI are also expanding aggressively. The announcement follows Google’s recent $15 billion commitment to establish a major AI data centre in Andhra Pradesh, its largest investment in India.
Google and Accel executives said India’s AI founders are poised to shape the next era of global technology. For non-Indian companies, this partnership signals rising competition for AI talent, datasets, and market share in India’s fast-growing ecosystem. It also underscores India’s emergence as a critical testing ground for scalable AI solutions, offering opportunities for international firms to form local alliances, tap into a massive user base, and collaborate with a rapidly maturing startup ecosystem. With India’s AI market projected to hit $17 billion by 2027 and global AI spending expected to surpass $2 trillion by 2026, the country is becoming a pivotal arena for global tech strategy.
小編點評：Google 與 Accel 推出首個合作模式，將共同為至少 10 家印度早期 AI 新創投資最多 200 萬美元。此舉緊隨 Google 在安得拉邦宣布 150 億美元建設 AI 數據中心之後，凸顯印度作為全球 AI 樞紐的崛起，也象徵競爭升溫並為國際企業在印度 AI 生態系中建立聯盟與布局帶來新機會。
India’s GCCs Accelerate Shift to Agentic AI, Strengthening Role in Global Enterprise Decisions: EY Survey
印度全球能力中心（GCCs）加速導入 Agentic AI，強化其在全球企業決策中的角色
India’s Global Capability Centres (GCCs) are transitioning rapidly from AI pilots to large-scale deployment, with 58% now investing in Agentic AI and another 29% set to scale within a year, according to EY’s GCC Pulse Survey 2025. With 83% of GCCs already investing in GenAI, adoption is surging across customer service, finance, operations, and cybersecurity. The report highlights that GCCs are evolving into strategic hubs—52% now share accountability for global decisions, supported by expanding innovation pipelines, dedicated AI teams, deeper digital maturity, and an increased push toward managing end-to-end enterprise processes from India.
The survey also finds that GCCs are strengthening their operating models, with top priorities including digital transformation (61%), cost optimisation (54%) and functional expansion (51%). Talent strategies now emphasise reskilling (71%), tech-led growth (70%) and niche hiring in AI/ML and data engineering, while attrition has dropped to 9%. However, risks remain: cyber maturity is still moderate, third-party data oversight is rising, and transfer pricing continues as the top regulatory concern. For global enterprises, the findings signal that India-based GCCs are no longer back-office extensions but high-value, AI-driven decision and innovation centres. Multinational companies operating in India—or competing with those that do—will increasingly rely on these centres for AI-native product development, automation-first operating models, and cross-functional leadership. This shift raises the bar for global competitiveness, making India a critical hub for accessing advanced AI talent, faster innovation cycles, and cost-effective enterprise transformation.
小編點評：EY《2025 GCC Pulse Survey》顯示印度 GCC 正快速擴大 Agentic AI 與 GenAI 部署，58% 已投資、29% 將在一年內擴大規模，使 GCC 由後端支援角色轉變為全球決策與創新的核心。透過數位轉型、技能重塑與高階 AI 能才招聘，印度 GCC 正成為跨國企業重要的 AI 原生產品開發、營運自動化與創新中心，雖仍面臨網路安全與監管風險。